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dc.contributor.authorAvelino, Jacques
dc.contributor.authorCristancho, Marco
dc.contributor.authorGeorgiou, Selena
dc.contributor.authorImbach, Pablo A.
dc.contributor.authorAguilar, Lorena
dc.contributor.authorBornemann, Gustavo
dc.contributor.authorLäderach, Peter
dc.contributor.authorAnzueto, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorHruska, Allan J.
dc.contributor.authorMorales, Carmen
dc.date.accessioned2015-09-10T15:08:47Z
dc.date.available2015-09-10T15:08:47Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/7223
dc.descriptionFood Security. Volumen 7, número 2 (Abril 2015), páginas 303-321
dc.description.abstractCoffee rust is a leaf disease caused by the fungus, Hemileia vastatrix. Coffee rust epidemics, with intensities higher than previously observed, have affected a number of countries including: Colombia, from 2008 to 2011; Central America and Mexico, in 2012–13; and Peru and Ecuador in 2013. There are many contributing factors to the onset of these epidemics e.g. the state of the economy, crop management decisions and the prevailing weather, and many resulting impacts e.g. on production, on farmers’ and labourers’ income and livelihood, and on food security. Production has been considerably reduced in Colombia (by 31 % on average during the epidemic years compared with 2007) and Central America (by 16 % in 2013 compared with 2011–12 and by 10 % in 2013–14 compared with 2012–13). These reductions have had direct impacts on the livelihoods of thousands of smallholders and harvesters. For these populations, particularly in Central America, coffee is often the only source of income used to buy food and supplies for the cultivation of basic grains. As a result, the coffee rust epidemic has had indirect impacts on food security. The main drivers of these epidemics are economic and meteorological. All the intense epidemics experienced during the last 37 years in Central America and Colombia were concurrent with low coffee profitability periods due to coffee price declines, as was the case in the 2012–13 Central American epidemic, or due to increases in input costs, as in the 2008–11 Colombian epidemics. Low profitability led to suboptimal coffee management, which resulted in increased plant vulnerability to pests and diseases. A common factor in the recent Colombian and CentralAmerican epidemics was a reduction in the diurnal thermal amplitude, with higher minimum/lower maximum temperatures (+ 0.1 °C/-0.5 °C on average during 2008–2011 compared to a low coffee rust incidence period, 1991–1994, in Chinchiná, Colombia; +0.9 °C/-1.2 °C on average in 2012 compared with prevailing climate, in 1224 farms from Guatemala). This likely decreased the latency period of the disease. These epidemics should be considered as a warning for the future, as they were enhanced by weather conditions consistent with climate change. Appropriate actions need to be taken in the near future to address this issue including: the development and establishment of resistant coffee cultivars; the creation of early warning systems; the design of crop management systems adapted to climate change and to pest and disease threats; and socio-economic solutions such as training and organisational strengtheninges_ES
dc.relation.ispartofPrograma Regional Cambio Climático de USAID (PRCC)
dc.subjectHEMILEIA VASTATRIXes_ES
dc.subjectCOFFEA ARABICAes_ES
dc.subjectENFERMEDADES FUNGOSASes_ES
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGIAes_ES
dc.subjectRESISTENCIA A LA ENFERMEDADes_ES
dc.subjectMANEJO DEL CULTIVOes_ES
dc.subjectPERDIDAS DE LA COSECHAes_ES
dc.subjectCAMBIO CLIMATICOes_ES
dc.subjectFACTORES CLIMATICOSes_ES
dc.subjectFACTORES DE PRODUCCIONes_ES
dc.subjectECONOMIA DE LA PRODUCCIONes_ES
dc.subjectSEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIAes_ES
dc.subjectMEDIOS DE VIDAes_ES
dc.subjectAMERICA CENTRALes_ES
dc.subjectCOLOMBIAes_ES
dc.titleThe coffee rust crises in Colombia and Central America (2008-2013): impacts, plausible causes and proposed solutionses_ES
dc.typeArtículoes_ES


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