La noción tipo genético del suelo en la literatura rusa

Abstract

In this article is being considered the evolution of the notion of soil genetic type in Russian literature from Dokuchaev up to present time. The notion soil genetic type was introduced by the founders of the modern genetic Soil Science. Dokuchaev and Sibirtsev. These authors covered under this notion large soil groups with similar properties and related to a determined physical geographical territory. From the different papers of these authors it also follows that for every soil genetic type corresponds its formation type. According to this, genetic type of soil in these authors' classifications at the same time also means the type of formation. In following the classifications of their pupils: Glinka, Neustruev, Gedroiz, soil formation type (fine in it) was taken as a principal unit, which could include some genetic types. For instance, the steppe soil formation contains genetic types: chernozem, chestnut, burozem, solonetz. To day, in the soil genetic classification in Russia, the soil genetic type has been taken as principal unit. The genetic type, after Russian Soil Scientists, included the soils, which should have similarities in: a) profile structure, (genetic horizons), b) transformation of substances, c) hydric and thermic conditions, d) ecological connditions, e) level of natural fertility. With a profound study of the soil these is evidenced the need to increase the number of the genetic types