Principales enfermedades del frijol observadas en diferentes zonas ecológicas de Costa Rica

Abstract

Observations were made to determine the incidence of the main diseases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), in different ecological zones of Costa Rica. Tropical dry forest.—The tropical dry forest belt extends from 0 to about 700 m above sea level and has an average annual rainfall of 1000 to 2000 mm. The most prevalent diseases in this area are: Mosaic and stunting, common bacterial blight, web blight, ashy stem blight, southern blight, angular leaf spot and mildew. Subtropical moist forest.—The subtropical moist forest is located between 700 and 1400–1500 m above sea level and has an average annual rainfall of 1000 to 2000 mm. The main diseases observed in this area are: web blight, common bacterial blight, anthracnose, rust, angular leaf spot, "mancha redonda", southern blight, common bean mosaic, mildew and Fusarium root rot. Subtropical wet forest.—The subtropical wet forest has an average rainfall of 2000 to 4000 mm. The most outstanding diseases in this area are: web blight, common bacterial blight, anthracnose, rust, angular leaf spot, Ascochyta leaf spot, "mancha gris", common bean mosaic, southern blight and mildew. Lower montane moist forest.—The lower montane belt extends from 1500 to 2500–2600 m above sea level. The average annual rainfall is 1000 to 2000 mm. The most prominent diseases in this area are: Sclerotinia wilt, anthracnose, rust, common bacterial blight, "mancha gris", angular leaf spot and mildew. Lower montane wet forest.—The annual rainfall is higher than in the lower montane moist forest. The most important diseases observed in this zone are: Ascochyta leaf spot, sclerotinia wilt, rust, anthracnose, common bacterial blight, web blight, "mancha gris", angular leaf spot, common bean mosaic and mildew.