Investigaciónhttps://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/107952024-03-19T13:42:18Z2024-03-19T13:42:18ZEstándar para orientar esfuerzos de restauración a escala de paisajes tropicales: Propuesta basada en el análisis de experiencias en cuatro Bosques Modelo en LatinoaméricaBustos Linares, ElizabethVillalobos, RogerDelgado Rodríguez, DiegoZamora, RenéCarrera, Fernandohttps://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/126292024-03-07T23:33:12Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZEstándar para orientar esfuerzos de restauración a escala de paisajes tropicales: Propuesta basada en el análisis de experiencias en cuatro Bosques Modelo en Latinoamérica
Bustos Linares, Elizabeth; Villalobos, Roger; Delgado Rodríguez, Diego; Zamora, René; Carrera, Fernando
La presente investigación permitió elaborar de forma participativa un estándar con parámetros que orientan la planificación y el monitoreo de la restauración a escala y con un enfoque de paisaje, en torno a objetivos de interés de los actores locales. Los parámetros se construyeron a través de literatura científica publicada y consulta a expertos y actores locales en cuatro paisajes con plataformas de gobernanza de Bosques Modelo con actividades y experiencia de campo en restauración (BM) (BM Chorotega en Costa Rica, BM Risaralda en Colombia y BM Pichanaki y Villa Rica en Perú). El estándar contiene 5 principios, 18 criterios y 48 descriptores de indicadores. Dichos parámetros enfatizan que la planificación y el monitoreo de la restauración a escala de paisaje debe tener en cuenta al menos los siguientes factores: i) la funcionalidad del paisaje para la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos, ii) el alineamiento político e institucional para
la administración de la tierra y los recursos, iii) la gobernanza y participación de actores locales, iv) el financiamiento y mercado como catalizadores de procesos y v) el monitoreo como base para la gestión adaptativa.
Próxima publicación
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZInteractions between climate, shade canopy characteristics and cocoa production in ColombiaCasanoves, FernandoHernández-Nuñez, Héctor EduardoSuárez, Juan CarlosAndrade, Hernán JSánchez Acosta, José RamiroDuarte Núñez, RamiroGutiérrez, David RicardoGutiérrez, Gustavo AdolfoGutiérrez-Montes, Isabelhttps://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/126282024-03-01T00:13:19Z2024-02-09T00:00:00ZInteractions between climate, shade canopy characteristics and cocoa production in Colombia
Casanoves, Fernando; Hernández-Nuñez, Héctor Eduardo; Suárez, Juan Carlos; Andrade, Hernán J; Sánchez Acosta, José Ramiro; Duarte Núñez, Ramiro; Gutiérrez, David Ricardo; Gutiérrez, Gustavo Adolfo; Gutiérrez-Montes, Isabel
Properly designed agroforestry systems (AFS) can generate optimal cocoa bean (BC) yields, produce co-products and provide ecosystem services. This study analyzes the interactions between climate, AFS structure and BC yield in six climatic zones across three natural regions of Colombia. A total of 305 plots of
1,000 m2 each were established in 132 farms where the cocoa-AFS structure, BC yield and climatic variables were determined. Five typologies of cocoa-AFS were obtained based on the characteristics of the shade canopy and the abundance of cocoa trees: “Highly diversified multistratum with high biomass” (HDMHB),“Diversified multistratum with high shade and abundance of Musaceae (DMHSM),” “Diversified multistratum with high abundance of cocoa trees (DMHDC),” “Diversified monostratum with low shade (DMLS)” and “monostratum with minimal shade (MMS).” In the departments of Huila and Caquetá, Andean
and Amazonia regions, respectively, the HDMHB typology predominated, while in Meta, the Orinoquia region, it was MMS. In the temperate-humid zone, the DMHDC and DMHSM typologies were not found. A high floristic diversity of the shade canopy was found: 229 species; Caquetá registered the highest number
(152). The most frequent canopy companion species were Musa paradisiaca, Cariniana pyriformis, Cedrela odorata, Psidium guajava, Musa sapientum, and Cordia alliodora. The highest abundance of cocoa trees occurs in areas with lower temperature and relative humidity and in AFS with lower abundance of
fruit and timber trees. Zones with higher temperature and lower precipitation had higher abundance of timber species (r = 0.23). The BC yield is higher in areas with higher precipitation and is related to the lower abundance of individuals of timber and fruit species, and to the higher abundance of Fabaceae. The BC yield depends on the typology (p < 0.0001) of the cacao systems and was higher in DMHDC (1,148 kg ha−1 yr.−1). These results are key for the design of cocoa-AFS farms that maximize the integral production of BC, co-products and ecosystem services, approaching sustainable cocoa farming.
2024-02-09T00:00:00ZCadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in PanamaCasanoves, FernandoVillalaz-Pérez1, Jhon AVillarreal-Núñez, José ESanto-Pineda, AdolfoGutiérrez-Lezcano, AbielMerino, Agustínhttps://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/126272024-03-01T00:13:18Z2024-01-30T00:00:00ZCadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama
Casanoves, Fernando; Villalaz-Pérez1, Jhon A; Villarreal-Núñez, José E; Santo-Pineda, Adolfo; Gutiérrez-Lezcano, Abiel; Merino, Agustín
Aim of study: To calculate Cd concentration in cocoa plants and evaluate its relationship with available Cd and other soil properties. Area of study: Almirante, Bocas del Toro province, Panama, in 2020-2021. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 21 plots of eight cocoa-producing farms. The total area of each
sampled plot was 300 m2. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 30 cm, and samples of the leaves and fruits of cocoa trees were also taken. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were carried out for soil variables and Cd in plants. The relationship between bioavailable Cd and soil physicochemical variables and between soil variables and Cd in plants was evaluated. Multiple linear regression was performed using the backward selection method. Main results: The pH was acidic (5.1) and the organic matter content of the soil was greater than 3%, suitable for immobilizing Cd from the soil. Total and bioavailable Cd averaged 0.10 mg kg-1 and 0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The Cd levels in cocoa leaves exceeded the recommended levels of 0.5 mg kg-1. The Cd concentration in the cocoa bean was low (0.25 mg kg-1). Research highlights: The levels of bioavailable Cd found do not exceed the United States Environment Agency toxic limits in soil. The level of Cd found in the cocoa bean is below the limit of 0.8 mg kg-1 which is taken as a reference for chocolate, with total dry matter content ≥ 50% of the CODEX Alimentarius.
2024-01-30T00:00:00ZKey drivers of change that affect livestock systems and their impact on sustainability and resiliencePezo, DaniloÁvalos, IleanaPulido, AstridVillanueva, CristóbalPeguero, FelipeSepúlveda, ClaudiaScudiero, LaviniaArce, EduardoSteinfeld, Henninghttps://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/126212024-03-06T15:38:26Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZKey drivers of change that affect livestock systems and their impact on sustainability and resilience
Pezo, Danilo; Ávalos, Ileana; Pulido, Astrid; Villanueva, Cristóbal; Peguero, Felipe; Sepúlveda, Claudia; Scudiero, Lavinia; Arce, Eduardo; Steinfeld, Henning
The report delves into the key drivers impacting livestock systems and their implications for sustainability and resilience. The webinars, hosted by GASL and CATIE, aimed to address the challenges in the livestock sector, focusing on long-term viability, sustainability, and resilience. Three fundamental driver categories were identified: "Environment and Technology Innovations," "Health and Diseases," and "Geopolitical and Socioeconomic Conditions." These drivers have diverse impacts on livestock systems, agroecological contexts, and regional disparities. Climate change, urbanization, income growth, and geopolitical tensions have influenced the global supply and demand of livestock products, raising concerns about animal welfare and environmental sustainability due to intensified production methods. To tackle these challenges, the webinars proposed tailored strategies, including promoting sustainable intensification of animal production systems, embracing the One Health approach, and effective data sharing for informed decision-making. Recommendations also encompass increasing the number of veterinary laboratories using standardized diagnostic methods and fostering private-public partnerships to address animal health concerns. Additionally, strategies for pastoral and mixed systems were highlighted, such as deploying resilient forage germplasm, rehabilitating degraded pastures, and implementing improved grazing practices. The webinars provided a platform for comprehensive discussions, aiming to guide the sustainable transformation of the livestock sector in an ever-changing world.; El informe analiza los principales impulsores que afectan a los sistemas ganaderos y sus implicaciones para la sostenibilidad y la resistencia. Los seminarios web, organizados por GASL y CATIE, tuvieron como objetivo abordar los desafíos en el sector ganadero, centrándose en la viabilidad a largo plazo, la sostenibilidad y la resistencia. Se identificaron tres categorías fundamentales de impulsores: "Innovaciones en Medio Ambiente y Tecnología", "Salud y Enfermedades" y "Condiciones Geopolíticas y Socioeconómicas". Estos impulsores tienen impactos diversos en los sistemas ganaderos, contextos agroecológicos y disparidades regionales. El cambio climático, la urbanización, el crecimiento económico y las tensiones geopolíticas han influido en la oferta y la demanda globales de productos ganaderos, generando preocupaciones sobre el bienestar animal y la sostenibilidad ambiental debido a métodos de producción intensificados. Para abordar estos desafíos, los seminarios web propusieron estrategias adaptadas, como promover la intensificación sostenible de los sistemas de producción animal, adoptar el enfoque de "One Health" y compartir datos de manera efectiva para la toma de decisiones informada. Las recomendaciones también incluyen aumentar el número de laboratorios veterinarios que utilizan métodos de diagnóstico estandarizados y fomentar asociaciones público-privadas para abordar las preocupaciones de salud animal. Además, se destacaron estrategias para sistemas pastoriles y mixtos, como el despliegue de germoplasma resistente de forraje, la rehabilitación de pastizales degradados y la implementación de prácticas mejoradas de pastoreo. Los seminarios web proporcionaron una plataforma para discusiones exhaustivas, con el objetivo de guiar la transformación sostenible del sector ganadero en un mundo en constante cambio.
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